Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed form of skin cancer in the United States. Although this type of carcinoma grows slowly and rarely spreads, it is important to seek treatment because it can eventually destroy bone and skin tissue.
Signs and Symptoms
The most common symptom of the basal cell carcinoma is a skin growth or an unusually scaly patch of skin. The growth may be surrounded by visible blood vessels, bleed easily, and have a crater-like center that may ooze or crust over. The affected area is typically pink or flesh-colored, but the growth may also have flecks of brown or black. The cancerous growth may feel waxy or firm and may be mistaken for a patch of eczema.
Causes of Basal Cell Carcinomas
Basal cell carcinomas are almost always caused by excessive exposure to UV rays from the sun or tanning beds. These rays damage the DNA of the skin cells to the point that the body can no longer repair the damage, which causes the cancerous lesions to develop. Those most at risk for developing this type of cancer include adults over the age of 50, individuals with a personal or family history of basal cell carcinomas, and those taking drugs that suppress the immune system. Physical traits, including fair skin and eyes, also increase the risk of developing skin cancer.
Basal Cell Cancer Treatment
Like most forms of cancer, basal cell carcinoma is diagnosed through a biopsy. This involves removing a small section of the affected skin for study under a microscope. If the diagnosis is confirmed, a number of cancer treatment options are available. Traditional excision and Mohs surgery both involve surgically removing the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure that all cancer cells have been removed. Curettage and desiccation treatment involves scraping away the tumor and then using electricity to destroy any remaining tumor cells. Cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen may be used to destroy the tumor by freezing it. Less common treatments include radiation, medicated creams, and pills.
Prognosis
When diagnosed and treated early, almost all basal cell carcinomas can be cured.