Squamous cell carcinoma refers to skin malignancies that develop in the outer and middle layers of the skin. This type of skin cancer typically develops on sun-exposed areas of skin and is usually the result of excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Although the condition is typically not life-threatening, it can spread to various parts of the body resulting in serious complications.
Symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell skin cancer often starts out as a firm, red nodule or a flat, scaly sore. These lesions may also develop as a raised area or new sore on an existing scar or ulcer. The lesions or nodules frequently occur on the hands, lips, and ear, but they can also develop inside the mouth or on the anus or genitals. Anyone with a scab, sore, wart-like nodule, or scaly patch of skin that does not resolve within a couple of months should consult a dermatologist.
Causes of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell malignancy is the result of DNA mutations that cause the squamous cells in the middle and outer layer of skin to grow uncontrollably. Although sun exposure is the most common cause of this type of malignancy, it can also occur after exposure to various toxic substances or as the result of a weakened immune system.
Those most at risk for this carcinoma include individuals with fair skin, those with a history of sunburns, individuals who spend lots of time outdoors or use tanning beds, and who have a personal history of skin malignancies or precancerous skin lesions. Squamous cell malignancies are also more common in individuals with compromised immune systems and who have certain genetic disorders that make them more sensitive to sunlight.
Diagnosis and Potential Complications
If left untreated, squamous cell carcinoma can spread to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, and organs. This is most likely to occur when the carcinoma is large, deep, involves the mucous membranes, or the individual has a weakened immune system. Squamous cell malignancies are diagnosed by obtaining a biopsy sample of the affected area of skin for closer examination under a microscope.
Treatment for Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Learn about the various skin cancer treatment methods available from Mohs surgery to Electrodessication and Curettage and much more.